01. Which one of the following drugs is an integrase inhibitor?
A. Maraviroc
B. Ritonavir
C. Raltegravir
D. Delavirdine
A. Maraviroc
B. Ritonavir
C. Raltegravir
D. Delavirdine
Answer: C. Raltegravir
02. Zanamivir belongs to the class of the following drugs?
A. Antiviral
B. Antipyretic
C. Antiprotozoal
D. Antibiotics
E. Anti-malaria
Answer: A. Antiviral
03. Ciprofloxacin belongs to the class of the following drugs?
A. Antiviral
B. Antipyretic
C. Antiprotozoal
D. Antibiotics
E. Anti-malaria
Answer: D. Antibiotics
04. A drug that is used to treat Helminthic infections for nematodes is one of the following?
A. Cladribine
B. Pyrantel pamoate
C. Flucytosine
D. Etidronate
E. Itraconazole
Answer: B. Pyrantel pamoate
05. A drug that is used to treat Helminthic infections for nematodes is one of the following?
A. Cladribine
B. thiabendazole
C. Flucytosine
D. Etidronate
E. Itraconazole
Answer: B. Thiabendazole
06. Which of the following drugs is used as a first-line drug to treat tuberculosis?
A. Ethambutol
B. Isoniazid
C. Pyrazinamide
D. Rifamycin
E. All of the above
Answer: E. All of the above
07. A drug that is used to treat Helminthic infections for trematodes is one of the following?
A. Cladribine
B. Praziquantel
C. Flucytosine
D. Etidronate
E. Itraconazole
Answer: B. Praziquantel
08. Which of the following drug provides relief in benign hypertrophy of the prostate other than 5-Alpha reductase inhibitor?
A. Tamsulosin
B. Desmopressin
C. Finasteride
D. Sildenafil
E. Terbutaline
Answer
1. Tamsulosin and Alfuzosin are alpha¹ selective inhibitors and Adrenergic drugs used for Benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a Prostate gland disease in which the Prostate (located beneath the bladder) size is increased or enlarged, it started blocking urine flow out of the urethra. Because the tube that passes urine from the bladder to the urethra passes through the center of the prostate. Thus, when the size is enlarged then it blocks Urine.
MOA of TAMSULOSIN:
Tamsulosin started relaxing the muscle of the bladder neck and muscles in the prostate to unblock the passage of Urine.
While about other drugs that are not used for BPH:
Desmopressin is an antidiuretic Hormone along with Vasopressin activates V2 receptors in renal collecting tubules to reabsorb the water from collecting ducts.
Finasteride is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor that is also used in BPH which stopped the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
Sildenafil is a Selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.
Terbutaline is a short-acting agonist of Beta-2 used as a bronchodilator.
A. Tamsulosin
B. Desmopressin
C. Finasteride
D. Sildenafil
E. Terbutaline
Answer
1. Tamsulosin and Alfuzosin are alpha¹ selective inhibitors and Adrenergic drugs used for Benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a Prostate gland disease in which the Prostate (located beneath the bladder) size is increased or enlarged, it started blocking urine flow out of the urethra. Because the tube that passes urine from the bladder to the urethra passes through the center of the prostate. Thus, when the size is enlarged then it blocks Urine.
MOA of TAMSULOSIN:
Tamsulosin started relaxing the muscle of the bladder neck and muscles in the prostate to unblock the passage of Urine.
While about other drugs that are not used for BPH:
Desmopressin is an antidiuretic Hormone along with Vasopressin activates V2 receptors in renal collecting tubules to reabsorb the water from collecting ducts.
Finasteride is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor that is also used in BPH which stopped the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
Sildenafil is a Selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.
Terbutaline is a short-acting agonist of Beta-2 used as a bronchodilator.
09. Tamsulosin is selective for the following antagonist that is used to treat benign prostate hyperplasia?
A. α1A
B. α1B
C. α1C
D. α1D
E. α1E
Answer: A. α1A
A. α1A
B. α1B
C. α1C
D. α1D
E. α1E
Answer: A. α1A
10. Thyroid hormone secretion and transport are controlled by thyroid-stimulating hormone?
A. Calcitonin
B. Thyrotropin
C. Thyroxine
D. Triiodothyronine
E. Thyronorm
Answer: thyrotropin
11. Thyroid gland secrets following hormone except?
A. Thyroxine
B. Thyronorm
C. Triiodothyronine
D. Calcitonin
E. None
Answer: B. Thyronorm
12. Which one of the following statements about the use of Aspirin is wrong?
A. Strong organic acid
B. Irreversibly acetylate COX
C. Block prostaglandin synthesis
D. Depress pain stimuli
E. Causes Reye's syndrome
Answer: A. Strong organic acid
Aspirin is a weak organic acid.
13. A drug that causes inhibition of viral DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase at the pyrophosphate binding site?
A. Zanamivir
B. Foscarnet
C. Amantadine
D. Ribavirin
E. Interferon
Answer: B. Foscarnet
An antiviral drug used to treat herpesvirus infection.
Reversibly inhibit DNA & RNA synthesis, not a purine or pyrimidine analog. Causes chelation with divalent cations. Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia cause.
14. Absorption of the following drugs is increased when taken with a fatty meal?
A. Zanamivir
B. Ribavirin
C. Oseltamivir
D. A & B
E. None of these
Answer: B. Ribavirin
14. Absorption of the following drugs is increased when taken with a fatty meal?
A. Zanamivir
B. Ribavirin
C. Oseltamivir
D. A & B
E. None of these
Answer: B. Ribavirin
15. A drug that has high oral bioavailability than others is following?
A. Gancyclovir
B. Valganciclovir
C. Penciclovir
D. Fomivirsen
E. Vidarabine
Answer: B. Valganciclovir
16. Which one of the following statements about the use of Alpha1-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs is wrong?
A. Decrease peripheral resistance
B. Causes postural hypotension
C. tamsulosin used for prostate hyperplasia
D. Clonidine causes Sedation
Answer: D. Clonidine causes Sedation
Clonidine is not an Alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drug. it's an Alpha-2 agonist.
17. Phenylephrine has a high affinity for following adrenoceptors type?
A. α1 Receptors
B. α2 Receptors
C. α1 & B1 Receptors
D. Both A & B
E. All of these
Answer: A. α1 Receptors
18. 3-5 Hours is the effective duration of action of following insulin type?
A. Glulisine
B. Regular
C. NPH
D. Glargine
Answer: A. Glulisine
Note: Human insulin was the first therapeutic compound produced through biotechnology.
19. Alopecia is an adverse effect of one of the following drugs?
A. Allopurinol
B. Colchicine
C. Aspirin
D. Abatacept
Answer: B. Colchicine
19. Alopecia is an adverse effect of one of the following drugs?
A. Allopurinol
B. Colchicine
C. Aspirin
D. Abatacept
Answer: B. Colchicine
20. Agranulocytosis aplastic anemia is an adverse effect of one of the following drugs?
A. Colchicine
B. Allopurinol
C. Cetirizine
D. Abacavir
Answer: A. Colchicine
A. Colchicine
B. Allopurinol
C. Cetirizine
D. Abacavir
Answer: A. Colchicine
21. Which drug is relatively free of drug-drug interaction?
A. Voriconazole
B. Itraconazole
C. Caspofungin
D. Terbinafine
Answer: C. Caspofungin
All three Echinocandins are not metabolized by the CYP enzyme system so they have very few drug interactions. All other drugs are metabolized by the CYP450 enzyme system.
22. If iron or lithium was ingested and charcoal may be inappropriate to wash out the GI tract, what Amount of PEG electrolyte is used in adults?
A. 25mL/kg per hour (approx. 500mL/h)
B. 50mL/h up to 3 L
C. 2L/h up to 5-10 L
D. None of these
Answer: C. 2L/h upto 5-10 L in adults
In children 25mL/kg per hour (approx. 500mL/h 2-5L)
PEG is used to wash the GI tract when the toxin is suspected to be present in the GI tract e.g drugs are sustained release.
Amount of Activated Charcoal: Adults: 25-100g
Children: 25-50g
23. A drug is used to treat adverse reactions to drugs that produce free radicals?
A. Fomepizole
B. Acetylcysteine
C. Flumazenil
D. Sodium chloride
Answer: B. Acetylcysteine is used to treat acute acetaminophen overdose by supplying glutathione to help in the metabolism of the reactive metabolites.
24. A drug promotes the redistribution of digoxin in plasma from tissues and enhances elimination in the urine is following?
A. Flumazenil
B. Atropine
C. Fomepizole
D. Digoxin immune Fab
E. Ethanol
Answer: D. Digoxin immune Fab produced in sheep to treat digoxin toxicity
Digoxin bind to digoxin immune Fab is inactive and each 40mg(1 vial) binds 0.6 mg of digoxin.
Dose: Empiric dosing 10-20 vials bolus for life-threatening toxicity
25. Long-lived B cells were part of previous immune response and are more rapidly activated if antigen enters the body?
A. Naive B cells
B. Memory B cells
C. T lymphocytes
D. Cytotoxic T cells
E. Helper T cells
Answer: B. Memory B cells (type of B lymphocytes)
White Blood cells (Leukocytes)
A. A granulocytes (Monocytes, Lymphocytes(B & T lymphocytes)
B. Granulocytes (Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils)
26. Substances that enhance the immunogenicity of an antigen or nonspecifically enhance antibody production in response to antigen?
A. Immunogens
B. Accessory Cells
C. Adjuvant
D. Affinity
E. Apoptosis
Answer: C. Adjuvant
Immunogens are compounds that cause a specific immune response
Accessory Cells also called effector cells help in enhancing interaction with and activation by an antigen during an adaptive immune response
Affinity measure of the binding strength of an antibody combining site (paratope for its epitope)
Apoptosis is also known as programmed cell death in response to certain stimuli such as cytokine or receptor-ligand binding
27. known as programmed cell death in response to certain stimuli such as cytokine or receptor-ligand binding?
A. Immunogens
B. Accessory Cells
C. Adjuvant
D. Affinity
E. Apoptosis
Answer: E. Apoptosis
Characterized as membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, chromosomal DNA fragmentation
No comments:
Post a Comment