A. Phosphorylation
B. Glycosylation
C. Methylation
D. Hydroxylation
E. Formylation
Answer: B. Glycosylation( specific scheme of Glycosylation of cell surface proteins is essential to cell-cell recognition)
Amino acids: Ser, Thr, Phe, Pro
02. The nucleotide units of both DNA and RNA are composed of following basic components?
A. Purine & pyrimidine base molecules
B. A sugar molecule
C. A phosphoric acid molecule
D. A & B
E. All of the above
Answer: E. All of the above
A sugar molecule contains D-ribose in RNA or D-2deoxyribose in DNA.
03. Following has Single primary role of storing the information genetic code of cell?
A. RNA
B. mRNA
C. tRNA
D. rRNA
E. DNA
Answer: DNA (rDNA is a recombinant DNA molecule formed when DNA fragments from different sequences are joined using restriction endonucleases)
While all other are types of RNA that perform specific functions in transcription, translational and control of both transcription and translation.
mRNA is a processed transcription or a copy of the DNA
tRNA is a highly ordered sequence of nucleotide folded into a cloverleaf like, inverted L structure with internal base paired secondary structure.
rRNA refers to two large RNA molecules that binds a multitude of protein to form the two subunit 30S and 50S or ribosome.
04. Following is a processed transcription or a copy of the DNA?
A. RNA
B. mRNA
C. tRNA
D. rRNA
E. DNA
Answer: mRNA
05. A polymeric macromolecules made of ribonucleotide subunits that is used for gene regulation?
A. RNA
B. mRNA
C. tRNA
D. rRNA
E. DNA
Answer: RNA (exist in cell as rRNA, tRNA, miRNA and mRNA. It also comprises genetic material of some viruses known as Retroviruses)
06. The following changes occurs in pregnancy affecting absorption?
A. Reduced gastrointestinal motility
B. Increased gastric pH
C. Increased pulmonary alveolar drug uptake
D. A & B
E. All of these
Answer: E. All of these
A option is to allow better absorption of nutrients to the fetus.
07. The following changes occurs in Geriatrics affecting absorption?
A. Reduced gastrointestinal motility
B. Increased gastric PH
C. No change in passive diffusion
D. Decrease active transport
E. All of these
Answer: E. All of these
08. Geriatric patients may have following distribution effects?
A. Decreased total body water, resulting in decreased volume of distribution (Va) of water-soluble drugs (increased serum concentrations)
B. Decreased lean body mass and increased body fat, resulting in increased Vd of fat-soluble drugs
C. Increased or decreased free fraction of highly protein-bound drugs
D. All of these
Answer: D. All of these
09. Decrease albumin in following results in reduction of binding sites for acidic drugs for example salicylic acid, sulfisoxazole, diazepam, Valproic acid, phenytoin?
A. Pediatric
B. Geriatric
C. Late Pregnancy
D. B & C
E. A & B
Answer: C. Late pregnancy (maternal plasma increase by 50%)
Free drug serum conc. not effected
10. Following drug properties enhance placental transfer from mother to fetus?
A. High Lipophilicity
B. Low ionisation
C. Low maternal binding
D. Low molecular weight
E. All of the above
Answer: E. All of the above
Most teratogenic effects occur during 5th and 10th weeks of gestation (embryonic period).
11. Adequate, well controlled studies in pregnant women have not shown increased risk of fetal abnormalities?
A. Category A
B. Category B
C. Category C
D. Category D
E. Category X
Answer: A. Category A
12. No adequate well-controlled studies in pregnant women conducted and animal studies reveal no harm to the fetus?
A. Category A
B. Category B
C. Category C
D. Category D
E. Category X
Answer: B. Category B
13. No adequate well controlled studies in pregnant women conducted, but in animal studies have shown adverse effect?
A. Category A
B. Category B
C. Category C
D. Category D
E. Category X
Answer: C. Category C
Confusing category: it could be safe or probably safe, or it could be potentially harmful. Because it has insufficient date about its use in pregnancy.
14. Adequate well controlled studies or observational studies in animal or pregnant women have demonstrated a risk to the fetus?
A. Category A
B. Category B
C. Category C
D. Category D
E. Category X
Answer: D. Category D
Practitioner must weigh the benefits of therapy against the potential risk.
15. Adequate well controlled studies or observational studies in animals or pregnant women have demonstrated positive evidence of fetal abnormalities?
A. Category A
B. Category B
C. Category C
D. Category D
E. Category X
Answer: E. Category X
16. Causes stimulation of uterine contractions?
A. Castor oil
B. Mineral oil
C. Sodium bicarbonate
D. Caffeine avoidance
Answer: A. Castor oil
17. Shouldn't use in pregnancy because it reduce absorption of fat soluble vitamins e.g vit. K causing neonatal hemorrhage?
A. Castor oil
B. Mineral oil
C. Sodium bicarbonate
D. Caffeine avoidance
Answer: B. Mineral oil
18. Avoid use of following drug because it causes electrolyte and fluid abnormalities?
A. Castor oil
B. Mineral oil
C. Sodium bicarbonate
D. Caffeine avoidance
Answer: C. Sodium bicarbonate
19. Non pharmacological alternative to treat GERD in pregnancy?
A. Caffeine avoidance
B. Elevation of head of bead
C. Small frequent meals
D. A & B
E. All of the above
Answer: E. All of the above
20. First line treatment in hypotension because of its efficacy and safety in pregnant women?
A. Methyldopa
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Diuretics
D. Magnesium sulfate
E. Avoid Drugs
Answer: A. Methyldopa (other b-blocker, prazosin, nifedipine, hydralazine, Clonidine)
B option cause renal toxicity in the fetus so avoid and
C option decrease maternal plasma volume so avoid.
D. IV magnesium sulfate is used for seizure prevention
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